📝 PHP Exam – Answer Sheet

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📘 Section A – MCQ Answers (with explanation)

1. B – Hypertext Preprocessor
   → Official recursive name of PHP.
2. B – $
   → All PHP variables start with $.
3. C – Both
   → echo and print both output text (echo is faster).
4. C – Fatal Error
   → Stops execution immediately.
5. B – $_POST
   → Used to collect form data (POST method).
6. B – mysqli_connect()
   → Procedural way to connect MySQL.
7. B – Variable exists
   → Checks if variable is set and not null.
8. D – All
   → try, catch, throw are used in exception handling.
9. B – session_start()
   → Initializes session.
10. C – .php
    → Default extension.

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📗 Section B – Short Answers

1. What is PHP?

PHP is a server-side scripting language used to build dynamic web applications.

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2. GET vs POST

GET	POST
Data in URL	Data in body
Less secure	More secure
Limited size	Large data

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3. Session

A session stores user data on the server across multiple pages.

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4. Cookie

A cookie stores small data on the user’s browser.

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5. Array

An array stores multiple values in one variable.

$arr = ["A", "B", "C"];

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6. Error Handling

Process of detecting and managing errors in PHP scripts.

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7. include vs require

include	require
Warning if file missing	Fatal error
Script continues	Script stops

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8. Function

Reusable block of code.

function test() {
    echo "Hello";
}

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9. $_SERVER

Superglobal containing server/environment info.

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10. PDO

PHP Data Objects – secure database access using prepared statements.

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📙 Section C – Long Answers

1. PHP Data Types

• String → "Hello"
• Integer → 10
• Float → 10.5
• Boolean → true/false
• Array → [1,2,3]
• Object → Class instance
• NULL → empty variable

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2. Loops in PHP

// for
for ($i=0; $i<5; $i++) {
    echo $i;
}// while
$i = 0;
while ($i < 5) {
    echo $i;
    $i++;
}// foreach
$arr = [1,2,3];
foreach ($arr as $val) {
    echo $val;
}

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3. Form Handling

<form method="post">
<input type="text" name="name">
<input type="submit">
</form><?php
if ($_POST) {
    echo $_POST['name'];
}
?>

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4. Error Handling

try {
    throw new Exception("Error occurred");
} catch (Exception $e) {
    echo $e->getMessage();
}

Also:

• error_reporting()
• set_error_handler()

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5. Session & Cookie

// Session
session_start();
$_SESSION['user'] = "Aditya";// Cookie
setcookie("user", "Aditya", time()+3600);

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💻 Section D – Practical Solutions

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✅ Q1. Even/Odd

$num = 10;if ($num % 2 == 0) {
    echo "Even";
} else {
    echo "Odd";
}

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✅ Q2. Form Handling

<form method="post">
<input type="text" name="name">
<input type="submit">
</form><?php
if ($_POST) {
    echo htmlspecialchars($_POST['name']);
}
?>

👉 htmlspecialchars() prevents XSS (important improvement)

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✅ Q3. Database Connection

$conn = mysqli_connect("localhost", "root", "", "test");if (!$conn) {
    die("Connection failed: " . mysqli_connect_error());
}echo "Connected successfully";

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✅ Q4. Exception Handling

try {
    if (!file_exists("test.txt")) {
        throw new Exception("File not found");
    }
} catch (Exception $e) {
    echo $e->getMessage();
}

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🏆 Bonus Solution – Login System

session_start();if ($_POST) {
    $user = $_POST['username'];
    $pass = $_POST['password'];    if ($user == "admin" && $pass == "1234") {
        $_SESSION['user'] = $user;
        echo "Login successful";
    } else {
        echo "Invalid credentials";
    }
}

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🎯 Extra Examiner Notes (High Scoring Tips)

✔ Use input validation & sanitization
✔ Prefer PDO over mysqli (security)
✔ Always handle errors properly
✔ Avoid showing raw errors in production
✔ Write clean, readable code