In a Linux environment, Laravel projects generally use file permissions of 644 for files and 755 for folders, with some exceptions for specific directories like storage and bootstrap/cache which might require 775 or even 777 for write access by the web server user.
File Permissions (644):
- Owner: Read and Write (rw)
- Group: Read (r)
- Others: Read (r)
Folder Permissions (755):
- Owner: Read, Write, and Execute (rwx)
- Group: Read and Execute (r-x)
- Others: Read and Execute (r-x)
Special Cases (775/777):
storageandbootstrap/cache:These directories need write access for the web server user (oftenwww-data) to store temporary files, logs, and cached data. Therefore, these folders may require775or even777permissions to allow the web server to write to them.- Other writable folders:Depending on your project’s specific needs, you may also need to adjust permissions for other folders that require write access by the web server.
Why these permissions?
- Security:Limiting permissions to the minimum necessary helps prevent unauthorized access and modification.
- Performance:Allowing the web server to access and modify files without excessive permissions improves performance.
- Laravel Functionality:Laravel relies on certain directories being writable to function correctly.
How to set permissions:
You can use the chmod command to change file and folder permissions. For example:
- To set all files to 644:
chmod -R 644 ./* - To set all folders to 755:
chmod -R 755 ./* - To set
storageandbootstrap/cacheto 775:chmod -R 775 storage bootstrap/cache
Important Considerations:
- Web Server User:Make sure the web server user (e.g.,
www-data) has the necessary permissions (write, read, execute) on the relevant directories. - Project Root:These commands should be run from the project’s root directory.
- Recursive Changes:The
-Rflag applies the changes recursively to all files and folders within the current directory. - Security:Avoid excessive permissions on files and folders, as it can create security vulnerabilities.
