GNU Wget is a command-line utility for downloading files from the web. With Wget, you can download files using HTTP, HTTPS, and FTP protocols. Wget provides a number of options allowing you to download multiple files, resume downloads, limit the bandwidth, recursive downloads, download in the background, mirror a website and much more.
Installing Wget on Ubuntu and Debian
sudo apt install wgetInstalling Wget on CentOS and Fedora
sudo yum install wgetThe wget utility expressions take the following form:
$ wget [options] [url]
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options– The Wget optionsurl– URL of the file or directory you want to download or synchronize.
How to Download a File with Wget
In it’s simplest form when used without any option, wget will download the resource specified in the [url] to the current directory.
In the following example we are downloading the Linux kernel tar archive:
$ wget https://cdn.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v4.x/linux-4.17.2.tar.xzUsing Wget Command to Save the Downloaded File Under Different Name
To save the downloaded file under a different name, pass the -O option followed by the chosen name:
$ wget -O latest-hugo.zip https://github.com/gohugoio/hugo/archive/master.zipThe command above will save the latest hugo zip file from GitHub as latest-hugo.zip instead of its original name.
Using Wget Command to Download a File to a Specific Directory
By default, Wget will save the downloaded file in the current working directory. To save the file to a specific location, use the -P option:
$ wget -P /mnt/iso http://mirrors.mit.edu/centos/7/isos/x86_64/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1804.isoHow to Limit the Download Speed with Wget
To limit the download speed, use the --limit-rate option. By default, the speed is measured in bytes/second. Append k for kilobytes , m for megabytes and g for gigabytes.
The following command will download the Go binary and limit the download speed to 1mb:
$ wget --limit-rate=1m https://dl.google.com/go/go1.10.3.linux-amd64.tar.gzThis option is useful when you don’t want wget to consume all the available bandwidth.
How to Resume a Download with Wget
You can resume a download using the -c option. This is useful if your connection drops during a download of a large file, and instead of starting the download from scratch, you can continue the previous one.
In the following example we are resuming the download of the Ubuntu 18.04 iso file:
$ wget -c http://releases.ubuntu.com/18.04/ubuntu-18.04-live-server-amd64.isoIf the remote server does not support resuming downloads, Wget will start the download from the beginning and overwrite the existing file.
How to Download in Background with Wget
To download in the background ,use the -b option. In the following example, we are downloading the OpenSuse iso file in the background:
$ wget -b https://download.opensuse.org/tumbleweed/iso/openSUSE-Tumbleweed-DVD-x86_64-Current.isoBy default, the output is redirected to wget-log file in the current directory. To watch the status of the download, use the tail command:
$ tail -f wget-logHow to change the Wget User-Agent of Wget
Sometimes when downloading a file, the remote server may be set to block the Wget User-Agent. In situations like this to emulate a different browser pass the -U option.
wget --user-agent="Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:60.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/60.0" http://wget-forbidden.com/The command above will emulate Firefox 60 requesting the page from wget-forbidden.com
How to Download Multiple Files with Wget
If you want to download multiple files at once, use the -i option followed by the path to a local or external file containing a list of the URLs to be downloaded. Each URL needs to be on a separate line.
In the following example we are downloading the Arch Linux, Debian, and Fedora iso files with URLs specified in the linux-distros.txt file:
$ wget -i linux-distros.txtlinux-distros.txt
http://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/archlinux/iso/2018.06.01/archlinux-2018.06.01-x86_64.iso
https://cdimage.debian.org/debian-cd/current/amd64/iso-cd/debian-9.4.0-amd64-netinst.iso
https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/releases/28/Server/x86_64/iso/Fedora-Server-dvd-x86_64-28-1.1.iso
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If you specify - as a filename, URLs will be read from the standard input.
Using Wget Command to Download via FTP
To download a file from a password-protected FTP server, specify the username and password as shown below:
$ wget --ftp-user=FTP_USERNAME --ftp-password=FTP_PASSWORD ftp://ftp.example.com/filename.tar.gzUsing Wget Command to Create a Mirror of a Website
To create a mirror of a website with Wget, use the -m option. This will create a complete local copy of the website by following and downloading all internal links as well as the website resources (JavaScript, CSS, Images).
$ wget -m https://example.comIf you want to use the downloaded website for local browsing, you will need to pass a few extra arguments to the command above.
$ wget -m -k -p https://example.comThe -k option will cause Wget to convert the links in the downloaded documents to make them suitable for local viewing. The -p option will tell wget to download all necessary files for displaying the HTML page.
How to Skip Certificate Check with Wget
If you want to download a file over HTTPS from a host that has an invalid SSL certificate, use the --no-check-certificate option:
$ wget --no-check-certificate https://domain-with-invalid-ss.comHow to Download to Standard Output with Wget
In the following example, Wget will quietly ( flag -q) download and output the latest WordPress version to stdout ( flag -O -) and pipe it to the tar utility which will extract the archive to the /var/www directory.
$ wget -q -O - "http://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz" | tar -xzf - -C /var/www
