14. Web Development with Python

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14. Web Development with Python

May 25, 2026 in Python

Python is widely used for web development.

Popular Python web frameworks:

  • Flask
  • Django

These frameworks help create:

  • Websites
  • Web applications
  • APIs
  • Admin panels

Flask Framework

Flask is a lightweight Python web framework.

Features:

  • Simple and flexible
  • Easy to learn
  • Good for APIs and small applications

Installing Flask

pip install flask

Creating First Flask App

from flask import Flask

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route("/")
def home():
    return "Welcome to Flask"

app.run(debug=True)

Running Flask App

Save file as:

app.py

Run command:

python app.py

Open browser:

http://127.0.0.1:5000

Flask Routing

Routing connects URLs to functions.

Example Routes

from flask import Flask

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route("/")
def home():
    return "Home Page"

@app.route("/about")
def about():
    return "About Page"

@app.route("/contact")
def contact():
    return "Contact Page"

app.run(debug=True)

Dynamic Routing

@app.route("/user/<name>")
def user(name):
    return f"Hello {name}"

URL example:

/user/Aditya

Flask Templates

Templates help separate HTML from Python code.

Flask uses:

Jinja2

template engine.

Project Structure

project/
│
├── app.py
└── templates/
    └── index.html

HTML Template

templates/index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Home</title>
</head>
<body>

<h1>Welcome {{ name }}</h1>

</body>
</html>

Render Template

from flask import Flask, render_template

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route("/")
def home():
    return render_template(
        "index.html",
        name="Aditya"
    )

app.run(debug=True)

Flask Forms

Used to collect user input.

HTML Form

<form method="POST">

    <input type="text" name="username">

    <button type="submit">
        Submit
    </button>

</form>

Handle Form Data

from flask import Flask, request

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route("/", methods=["GET", "POST"])
def home():

    if request.method == "POST":

        username = request.form["username"]

        return f"Hello {username}"

    return """
    <form method='POST'>
        <input type='text' name='username'>
        <button type='submit'>Submit</button>
    </form>
    """

app.run(debug=True)

APIs with Flask

API = Application Programming Interface

Flask can return JSON data.

JSON API Example

from flask import Flask, jsonify

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route("/api")
def api():

    data = {
        "name": "Aditya",
        "course": "Python"
    }

    return jsonify(data)

app.run(debug=True)

REST API Example

from flask import Flask, request, jsonify

app = Flask(__name__)

students = []

@app.route("/students", methods=["POST"])
def add_student():

    data = request.json

    students.append(data)

    return jsonify({
        "message": "Student added"
    })

@app.route("/students", methods=["GET"])
def get_students():
    return jsonify(students)

app.run(debug=True)

Django Framework

Django is a powerful full-stack web framework.

Features:

  • Built-in admin panel
  • Authentication system
  • ORM support
  • Security features

Installing Django

pip install django

Create Django Project

django-admin startproject myproject

Run Django Server

python manage.py runserver

Open browser:

http://127.0.0.1:8000

Django Project Structure

myproject/
│
├── manage.py
├── myproject/
└── myapp/

Create Django App

python manage.py startapp myapp

Django Models

Models define database structure.

Example Model

from django.db import models

class Student(models.Model):

    name = models.CharField(max_length=100)

    age = models.IntegerField()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

Run Migrations

python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

Django Views

Views handle application logic.

Example View

from django.http import HttpResponse

def home(request):
    return HttpResponse("Welcome to Django")

Django URLs

urls.py

from django.urls import path
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path("", views.home)
]

Django Templates

Template File

templates/index.html

<h1>Welcome {{ name }}</h1>

Render Template

from django.shortcuts import render

def home(request):

    return render(
        request,
        "index.html",
        {"name": "Aditya"}
    )

Django Admin Panel

Django provides built-in admin dashboard.

Create Superuser

python manage.py createsuperuser

Access Admin Panel

http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin

Register Model in Admin

admin.py

from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Student

admin.site.register(Student)

Django Authentication

Django provides built-in authentication system.

Supports:

  • Login
  • Logout
  • Registration
  • Password management

Create User

from django.contrib.auth.models import User

user = User.objects.create_user(
    username="aditya",
    password="12345"
)

user.save()

Login User

from django.contrib.auth import authenticate

user = authenticate(
    username="aditya",
    password="12345"
)

if user:
    print("Login successful")
else:
    print("Invalid credentials")

Logout User

from django.contrib.auth import logout

def user_logout(request):
    logout(request)

Flask vs Django

FeatureFlaskDjango
TypeLightweightFull-stack
Learning CurveEasyModerate
FlexibilityHighMedium
Built-in FeaturesFewerMany
Best ForAPIs, small appsLarge projects

Practical Example

Simple Flask API

from flask import Flask, jsonify

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route("/")

def home():
    return "API Running"

@app.route("/users")

def users():

    data = [
        {"name": "Aditya"},
        {"name": "Rahul"}
    ]

    return jsonify(data)

app.run(debug=True)
🇮🇳 Amazon India 🌍 Amazon Global

Advantages of Python Web Frameworks

✅ Fast development
✅ Secure applications
✅ Easy database integration
✅ Large community support
✅ Scalable applications

Summary

In this chapter you learned:

✅ Flask basics
✅ Routing in Flask
✅ Templates in Flask
✅ Forms in Flask
✅ APIs with Flask
✅ Django basics
✅ Models in Django
✅ Views in Django
✅ Templates in Django
✅ Django admin panel
✅ Authentication in Django

aditya singh