It really depends on what you mean by network programming. So I’ll run through a couple possibilities. Commentators: Don’t fret if I forgot “your language.” The question is so open-ended. It’s like asking ‘What kinds of vehicles are good for getting me from New York City to Boston?’
You want to write a program that participates in XML-RPC or similar.
C# or Java
You are network programming in the context of a web page
JavaScript
You need some machines to talk to each other in some other existing protocol, and you need it done quickly.
Python or Perl
You need to write a distributed program that needs to be up and running all the time, not even resting for upgrades
Erlang
You need to write a distributed program that is very fast and does a bunch of things at once
C and C++ are critical low-level programming languages that you need to know as a cyber security professional.
These languages provide access to low-level IT infrastructure such as RAM and system processes, which if not well protected, hackers can easily exploit.
The C programming language is the backbone of most operating systems. It is a lean, flexible, and efficient language that can be used to complete a wide range of tasks such as cryptography, image processing, and socket networking.
Essentially, C++ is usually regarded as C’s big brother — which has been concocted with crack, meth, and steroids and mixed without any favors. C++ is a fantastic language that is largely based on C’s source code.
There are several cyber security programs created using C++. For example, Nmap, the network mapper tool, is created using C++.
Here is a marvelous quote from Bjarne Stroustrup, the creator of C++:
“C makes it easy to shoot yourself in the foot; C++ makes it harder, but when you do, it blows your whole leg off.”
As a cyber security expert, if you are experienced at using C/C++ programming languages, you’ll know how to respond to attacks targeting lower level operations within your computing environment.
2. Python
Python is a high-level programming language that is increasingly becoming popular among cyber experts.
It’s gaining traction mainly because of its adherence to code readability, clear and simple syntax, and availability of an extensive number of libraries.
So, whatever task you want to do, you can always complete it easily with Python.
For example, you can use the language to send TCP-packets to machines, perform malware analysis, and create intrusion detection systems with minimal reliance on third-party tools.
However, unlike C/C++, Python is not low-level; therefore, it may not provide enough visibility to hardware resources.
Learning Python for cyber security will give you an edge in your career. You’ll be equipped with programming skills that can assist you to identify vulnerabilities and discover how to fix them.
No programming knowledge required
3. JavaScript
JavaScript is a high-level programming language, which is often referred as the “lingua franca” of the web.
JavaScript is a core technology that powers the Internet. Primarily, it’s the language that adds interactivity to web pages.
Although JavaScript was initially implemented only on the client-side in web browsers, it’s now possible to use the language in other types of host infrastructure, such as server-side in databases and offline applications like PDF programs.
Therefore, because of its extensive usage, learning JavaScript can make you go one step ahead of the hackers.
You’ll understand the concepts of how websites and other applications work and the best designs to employ to ward off malicious users.
For example, cross-site scripting is a JavaScript-based attack that involves an attacker implanting malicious code in a web application.
If you are experienced in using the JavaScript programming language, you can prevent such types of attacks from occurring.
4. PHP
PHP is a server-side programming language for developing websites. Because most websites are created using PHP, learning the language will enable you to know how to fend off intruders.
For example, DDoS (Denial-of-service) attacks usually attempt to make web applications unavailable to intended users.
With PHP programming knowledge, coupled with skills in other technologies like JavaScript, you can implement robust solutions to secure web applications.
5. SQL
SQL (Structured Query Language) is mostly used in managing data stored in databases.
Because of the current explosion of data storage systems, SQL is widely used for maintaining and retrieving data.
Similarly, hackers are increasingly orchestrating the language for damaging or exfiltrating the stored data.
For example, SQL injection attacks involve exploiting SQL vulnerabilities to steal or modify data kept in databases.
Therefore, having a good understanding of the SQL language is critical in your cyber security career.
Step 1) Browser sends hello message to Node.js server using Websocket.
Step 2) Node.js server generates a unique identifier and sends to browser using Websocket. Then browser generates a QR code using unique identifier and shows to user.
Step 3) User login to the mobile app using Facebook authentication.
Step 4) After the successful authentication, user scans the QR code.
Step 5) After scanning, App sends Unique ID (from QR), access token (from FB) to Node.js server.
Step 6) Node.js Server sends access token to the respective browser using Websockets.
Step 7) Browser get the Facebook user information using recevied FB access token.
We know that the SSL-certificates can be divided into three types: DV, OV and EV. In this article, we will focus on the first two types of certificates, DV and OV. We will explain how they differ and when you should choose DV over OV.
DV-certificates (Domain Validation). This is the most basic level of SSL validation. The Certification Authority (CA) only ensure that you are the owner of a specific domain using the information contained in the WHOIS. Naturally, this type of certificate enables secure data encryption on your site, but it does not verify that you are the owner of a legitimate business. It is legitimate, and, most importantly, it is a very quick solution to protect your site using HTTPS. Customers seeing the padlock in your browser will have more trust in your site than before, because the padlock is a recognised sign of legitimacy.
Example of a DV certificate:
A DV certificate is fine where security is not a concern: however, attackers can also use DV-certificates on phishing sites. Unsuspecting users see the trusted pad lock and enter their personal data on the site which can then fall into the hands of fraudsters. The fact that the data channel is secured does not necessarily mean that the data will go to the right people. A user needs to be sure that the site belongs to a legitimate company if they are to make a purchase or input important information.
For this reason, if security is a necessity for your site, we recommend an OV-certificate.
OV-certificates (Organisation Validation) are required for companies and organisations where users must enter sensitive information (credit card numbers, contact information, etc.).In particular, they are useful for e-commerce sites or online sales. An OV-certificate authenticates the owner of the site and requires legitimate business information for that company. The validation process for these certificates is longer and more detailed. The Certification Authority not only verifies the fact that you own the domain, but also the fact that you are the owner of the company. The company must be in a business registry database and in a trusted online directory (for example, dnb.com). Fraudsters cannot get an OV certificate because their organisation cannot be validated. The main advantage of getting an OV-certificate is that your company will be listed on the certificate.
Example of an OV-certificate:
You need to protect sensitive user data
You want to display your company name on a certificate (provides more trust amongst users)
You are planning to expand the business and grow it to a new level
You want people to know that the site is a legitimate organisation, and not a phishing site
You should think about switching from a DV-certificate to an OV-certificate, if:
If you want to switch from a DV-certificate to an OV-certificate, be sure to contact our experts at LeaderTelecom. Our knowledge, experience and streamlined process for dealing with the CAs will make issuing an OV-certificate easy and convenient.
The examples below can be entered into your .htaccess file exactly as shown. Just make sure to adjust the actual path to the file so the .htaccess file knows where it’s located. Also, if you see the domain ‘example.com’, change this to your own domain name.
Redirecting a URL
Using Redirect in an .htaccess file enables you to redirect users from an old page to a new page without having to keep the old page. For example, if you use index.html as your index file and then later rename index.html to home.html, you could set up a redirect to send users from index.html to home.html. For example:
Redirect to a local site file
Redirect /path/to/old/file/old.html /path/to/new/file/new.html
Redirect to an external site file
Redirect /path/to/old/file/old.html http://www.example.com/new/file/new.html
The first path
The first path to the old file must be a local UNIX path, NOT the full path. So, if the .htaccess file is in the directory /example.com, you would not include /home/exampleuser/example.com in the local UNIX path. The first / represents the example.com directory. If the old file was in that directory, you would follow the / with the old file name.
The second path
The second path to the new file can be a local UNIX path, but can also be a full URL to link to a page on a different server or the same server.
Examples of redirects
Redirect from an index.html file to a different directory
Redirect /index.html /new/
Redirect from index.html to default.html
Redirect /index.html /default.html
Redirect a local /private directory to another site's private directory
Redirect /private/ http://www.example.com/private/
Redirect /img/logo.gif http://www.example.com/images/logo.gif
Using Regular Expressions
If you want to use a Regular Expression to redirect something, use the RedirectMatch directive:
RedirectMatch "^/oldfile\.html/?$" "http://example.com/newfile.php"
Redirecting error messages
You can also redirect 404 errors. Instead of throwing a 404 page, this redirects to the homepage of the website.
ErrorDocument 404 http://example.com/
Redirecting an old directory to new directory
This redirects files in a old directory (/blog/archives) to a new directory (/archives). The file must exist in the new directory to function.
RewriteRule ^blog/archives/(.*)$ /newarchives/$1 [R=301,NC,L]
Redirect non-existing pages to index.php
If a visitor attempts to access a page that doesn't exist, they are presented with a 404 error. You can instead redirect any request to a non-existing page to your index.php file (or any index file) by adding the following code in your .htaccess:
Options +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule . /index.php [L]
If your index page isn't index.php, just change the last line to your actual index file. Then the visitor is redirected back to your home page.
Automatically loading a subdirectory
This example redirects the ROOT domain's URL to any subdirectory. In this example, it automatically loads example.com/subdir1:
RewriteEngine on
RewriteRule ^$ /subdir1/ [L]
Forcing www in the URL
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^example.com
RewriteRule (.*) http://www.example.com/$1 [R=301,L]
Removing www in the URL
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.example.com
RewriteRule (.*) http://example.com/$1 [R=301,L]
Rewriting a URL
This example rewrites a URL to another URL. This rewrites example.com/1.html to example.com/abc.php?id=1
Options +FollowSymLinks
RewriteEngine On
RewriteRule ^([0-9]+).html /abc.php?id=$1 [QSA,L]
The following explains the rules above:
([0-9]+)
allows any digit, and only any digit, 1 or more times.
([a-z-]*)
allows any lowercase letter, plus “-” for word separation, 0 or more times. If you want it to support uppercase too, use “([a-zA-Z-]*). For example:
RewriteRule ^place/([a-zA-Z-]*).html /place/abc.php?id=$1 [QSA,L]
[QSA,L]
appends this to your internal scripting query string, and makes it the Last rewrite rule executed.
After using this method, you can retrieve the webpage with either address type. This is handy for retro-fitting a website that was not designed with mod_rewrite in mind. This is good because it does not destroy any bookmarks saved on users computers.
View the following link for more information and examples about mod-rewrite:
mod-rewrite cheat sheet
Rewriting non-existing links to index.php
The following redirects all links to files or folders that do not exist to index.php. However, if the file or directory does exist, it loads normally:
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
RewriteRule ^index\.php$ - [L]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule . /index.php [L]
You dont assign a domain to a node.js server, instead you load your app onto a machine which has an ip adress, which in your case is 42.12.251.830:4000. You then need to make sure your app is listening on the correct port, which on most servers is 80
var app = express()
, server = require('http').createServer(app)
, io = io.listen(server);
app.get('/', function(req, res) {
res.sendfile('./public/index.html');
});
server.listen(80);
now getting a domain name to point to this ip adress is an entirely separate matter. You need to make your name server point to the ip. Your name server will usually be the company you bought the domain name through, for instance GoDaddy is a Domain Name Server (DNS). So if you had a domain name with them, you would go on their site under DNS settings and change the ip adress. Your domain name will then point to your ip adress and should render your node.js app.
npm install -g ionic
First, install Node.js. Then, install the latest Ionic command-line tools in your terminal. Follow the Android and iOS platform guides to install required tools for development.
Start an app
ionic start myApp tabs
Create an Ionic App using one of our ready-made app templates, or a blank one to start fresh. Check out the Market for more designs.
For v1 projects, use the --type ionic1 flag.
$ ionic start myApp blank
$ ionic start myApp tabs
$ ionic start myApp sidemenu
Run your app
cd myApp ionic serve
Much of your app can be built right in the browser with ionic serve. We recommend starting with this workflow.
When you're ready to deploy your app to a real device, check out our Deploying guide.
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) provides scalable computing capacity in the Amazon Web Services (AWS) cloud. Using Amazon EC2 eliminates your need to invest in hardware up front, so you can develop and deploy applications faster. You can use Amazon EC2 to launch as many or as few virtual servers as you need, configure security and networking, and manage storage. Amazon EC2 enables you to scale up or down to handle changes in requirements or spikes in popularity, reducing your need to forecast traffic.
Features of Amazon EC2
Amazon EC2 provides the following features:
Virtual computing environments, known as instances
Preconfigured templates for your instances, known as Amazon Machine Images (AMIs), that package the bits you need for your server (including the operating system and additional software)
Various configurations of CPU, memory, storage, and networking capacity for your instances, known as instance types
Secure login information for your instances using key pairs (AWS stores the public key, and you store the private key in a secure place)
Storage volumes for temporary data that’s deleted when you stop or terminate your instance, known as instance store volumes
Persistent storage volumes for your data using Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS), known as Amazon EBS volumes
Multiple physical locations for your resources, such as instances and Amazon EBS volumes, known as Regions and Availability Zones
A firewall that enables you to specify the protocols, ports, and source IP ranges that can reach your instances using security groups
Static IPv4 addresses for dynamic cloud computing, known as Elastic IP addresses
Metadata, known as tags, that you can create and assign to your Amazon EC2 resources
Virtual networks you can create that are logically isolated from the rest of the AWS cloud, and that you can optionally connect to your own network, known as virtual private clouds(VPCs)
